Atherosclerosis (hardening and narrowing of arteries) is described in Ayurveda as Dhamani Pratichaya. It is a disease of the Kapha dosha coating the inner walls of the Dhamani (arteries). When digestion is poor, undigested food turns into Ama. This sticky toxin mixes with fat (Meda) and calcium, forming a "plaster" inside the blood vessels. Over time, this plaster hardens, narrowing the path for blood flow and increasing the risk of heart attack or stroke.

The thyroid acts as the metabolic thermostat of the body. In Ayurveda, Hypothyroidism is a condition of Agni Mandya (diminished fire) and blocked Vata-Kapha. The text Sushruta Samhita refers to neck swellings as Galaganda. When the digestive fire is weak, the body cannot process the nutrients needed by the thyroid gland. The gland becomes sluggish, leading to weight gain, lethargy, and depression. Conversely, Hyperthyroidism is an excess of Pitta (fire), burning the body's resources too quickly.

Ayurveda identified Prameha (Diabetes) thousands of years ago, describing it as a disorder primarily caused by aggravated Kapha Dosha and Meda (fat tissue). According to Charaka, when the body becomes "boggy" with excess moisture and stickiness (Kleda), the digestive fire is dampened. This prevents the cells from absorbing nutrients (glucose), leaving high sugar circulating in the blood. It is not just a sugar problem; it is a metabolism problem.