Atherosclerosis (hardening and narrowing of arteries) is described in Ayurveda as Dhamani Pratichaya. It is a disease of the Kapha dosha coating the inner walls of the Dhamani (arteries). When digestion is poor, undigested food turns into Ama. This sticky toxin mixes with fat (Meda) and calcium, forming a "plaster" inside the blood vessels. Over time, this plaster hardens, narrowing the path for blood flow and increasing the risk of heart attack or stroke.

The thyroid acts as the metabolic thermostat of the body. In Ayurveda, Hypothyroidism is a condition of Agni Mandya (diminished fire) and blocked Vata-Kapha. The text Sushruta Samhita refers to neck swellings as Galaganda. When the digestive fire is weak, the body cannot process the nutrients needed by the thyroid gland. The gland becomes sluggish, leading to weight gain, lethargy, and depression. Conversely, Hyperthyroidism is an excess of Pitta (fire), burning the body's resources too quickly.

High Blood Pressure is often termed Rakta Gata Vata, where the mobile energy of Vata (Wind) enters the blood vessels (Rakta). Normally, blood vessels should be elastic and soft. However, when Vata aggravates due to stress or age, it causes "dryness" and "rigidity" in the vessel walls. The heart then has to pump harder to force blood through these stiff, constricted pipes, raising the pressure.