The thyroid acts as the metabolic thermostat of the body. In Ayurveda, Hypothyroidism is a condition of Agni Mandya (diminished fire) and blocked Vata-Kapha. The text Sushruta Samhita refers to neck swellings as Galaganda. When the digestive fire is weak, the body cannot process the nutrients needed by the thyroid gland. The gland becomes sluggish, leading to weight gain, lethargy, and depression. Conversely, Hyperthyroidism is an excess of Pitta (fire), burning the body's resources too quickly.

High Blood Pressure is often termed Rakta Gata Vata, where the mobile energy of Vata (Wind) enters the blood vessels (Rakta). Normally, blood vessels should be elastic and soft. However, when Vata aggravates due to stress or age, it causes "dryness" and "rigidity" in the vessel walls. The heart then has to pump harder to force blood through these stiff, constricted pipes, raising the pressure.

Ayurveda identified Prameha (Diabetes) thousands of years ago, describing it as a disorder primarily caused by aggravated Kapha Dosha and Meda (fat tissue). According to Charaka, when the body becomes "boggy" with excess moisture and stickiness (Kleda), the digestive fire is dampened. This prevents the cells from absorbing nutrients (glucose), leaving high sugar circulating in the blood. It is not just a sugar problem; it is a metabolism problem.